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In electronics, impedance
matching is the practice of designing the input impedance of an electrical
load (or the output impedance of its corresponding signal source) to maximize
the power transfer or minimize reflections from the load.
Source and load circuit impedance
In the case of a complex
source impedance ZS and load impedance ZL,
maximum power transfer is obtained when
where * indicates the complex
conjugate. Minimum reflection is obtained when
The concept of impedance
matching was originally developed for electrical engineering, but can be
applied to any other field where a form of energy (not necessarily electrical)
is transferred between a source and a load. An alternative to impedance matching
is impedance bridging, where the load impedance is chosen to be much larger
than the source impedance and maximizing voltage transfer (rather than power)
is the goal.
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